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MiR-142-3p Regulates Cardiovascular System during Zebrafish Development
Ziyad Tariq Muhseen,
Nibras Najm Abbood
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
49-59
Received:
2 November 2014
Accepted:
30 November 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
Abstract: MicroRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) is considered to play key role in many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by inhibiting target gene expression. The transcriptional regulation of cardiovascular development requires precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression. We are beginning to understand the functions of miRNA-142-3p played during essential biological processes especially erythropoiesis. Here, we overview the recent findings on miRNA-142-3p regulation in erythropoiesis development and report the latest advances in understanding their function by unveiling their mRNA targets. Further analysis of miRNA-142-3p function during erythropoiesis development will allow us to determine the potential for novel miRNA-142-3p -based therapeutic strategies. Haematopoiesis is an active process by which peripheral blood families are developed. It is a process strongly regulated by many essential and unessential factors, including signalling molecules and transcriptional factors. However, the epigenetic regulation of haematopoiesis regulation via microRNAs (miRNAs) remains partially understood. Here, in this study we show that miRNA-142-3p participates in the haematopoiesis regulation and vascular development of the early stages of erythropoiesis during Zebra fish early developmental stages. Overexpression inhibited the primitive haematopoiesis, characterized by a significant reduced number and limitation of erythropoiesis cells and myeloid expansion significantly reduced expression of runx1, c-myb, mpo-1, Scl and pu.1, Gata1, Gata2 and significantly reduced o-dianisidine staining of haemoglobin. Systematically, miR-142-3p regulates haematopoiesis by repressing expression of meis1 involved in haematopoiesis. We performed knock-down analysis of the meis1 gene to check and demonstrate that whether meis1-EGFP is related with our miRNA. Co-injection-confirmation at 24 and 48 hpf pictures analyses showed that overexpression of miR-142-3p repressed expression of meis1. Bioinformatics analysis predicts a target binding sequence for miR-142-3p at the 3-UTR of meis1. Deletion of the miR-142-3p target sequence eliminated the repression of meis1 expression mediated by miR-142-3p. These findings create miR-142-3p as a novel miRNA that regulates haematopoiesis and cardiovascular development by repressing expression of meis1.
Abstract: MicroRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) is considered to play key role in many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by inhibiting target gene expression. The transcriptional regulation of cardiovascular development requires precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression. We are beginning to understand the functions of mi...
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Extracellular Vesicles (EVs); Basic Science, Clinical Relevance and Applications
Wael Nassar,
Mervat El-Ansary,
Mostafa Abdel Aziz
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
60-71
Received:
29 November 2014
Accepted:
16 December 2014
Published:
22 December 2014
Abstract: All types of cells of eukaryotic organisms produce and release small Nano-vesicles into their extracellular environment. Early studies have described these vesicles as “garbage bags” only to remove obsolete cellular molecules. Valadi and coworkers, in 2007, was the first who discovered the capability of circulating EVs to horizontally transfer functioning gene information between cells. These extra cellular vesicles express components responsible for angiogenesis promotion, stromal remodeling, chemo-resistance, genetic exchange and signaling pathway activation through growth factor/receptor transfer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important mode of intercellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, signaling proteins and RNAs. They contribute to physiology and pathology, and they have a myriad of potential clinical applications in health and disease. Moreover, vesicles can pass the blood-brain barrier and may perhaps even be considered as naturally occurring liposomes. These cell-derived extracellular vesicles not only to represent a central mediator of the disease microenvironment, but their presence in the peripheral circulation may serve as a surrogate for disease biopsies, enabling real-time diagnosis and disease monitoring. In this review, we’ll be addressing the characteristics of different types and the clinical relevance of these extracellular EVs and their potentials as diagnostic markers as well as defining therapeutic options.
Abstract: All types of cells of eukaryotic organisms produce and release small Nano-vesicles into their extracellular environment. Early studies have described these vesicles as “garbage bags” only to remove obsolete cellular molecules. Valadi and coworkers, in 2007, was the first who discovered the capability of circulating EVs to horizontally transfer func...
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Histological and Immunohistochemical Study on Human Placental Tissue in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia
Noha Abdellatif Ibrahim,
Doaa Mabrouk Khaled
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
72-80
Received:
7 December 2014
Accepted:
17 December 2014
Published:
31 December 2014
Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is a serious disorder affecting the mother. It may be responsible for more than 50,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year. It is a major killer of both mother and fetus. Aim: To demonstrate the morphological changes of human placental tissue in pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared with the normal by using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Materials & Methods: Twenty pregnant women were included in this study. 10 of them were diagnosed as having moderate pre-eclampsia and considered as the pre-eclamptic (PE) group, while 10 women were clinically normal and considered as the control group. Placental specimens were obtained after either vaginal delivery or caesarian section and processed for H&E and Masson's trichrome stains, as well as for immunohistochemical stains for eNOS and HIF-1α. Morphometric measurement of number of syncytial knots, area % of collagen fibers, eNOS and HIF-1α.were done followed by statistical analysis. Results: PE group revealed thickened wall of fetal blood capillaries, crowded degenerating villi with decreased intervillous spaces, intravillous and perivillous fibrinoid deposition. Numerous syncytial knots and exfoliated trophoblast cells were also observed. There was thickened layer of subchorionic fibrinoid. Increased area% of collagen fibers, HIF-1α. immunoreactivity and decreased area% of eNOS immunoexpression were found. Conclusions: As evidenced by the previous results, this study concluded various placental changes detected by histological and histochemical techniques. The findings have clarified a significant correlation between eNOS and HIF-1α immunoexpression and pre-eclampsia. Whether this relation is causal or effect relationship, this may need further investigations for better management and avoidance of consequences of pre-eclampsia.
Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is a serious disorder affecting the mother. It may be responsible for more than 50,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year. It is a major killer of both mother and fetus. Aim: To demonstrate the morphological changes of human placental tissue in pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared with the normal by using histological and im...
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